1ere -  Richesses

 

 

  1. Ne pas pouvoir s'empêcher de :      can't help + V-ing       I can't help smoking after lunch
  2. Ne pas arrêter de :      keep + V-ing      He keeps chatting in spite of the teacher's remarks
  3. Ca vaut le coup de :     it's worth + V-ing      This is a good documentary : it's worth watching it
  4. avoir envie de : to feel like + V-ing : today, I feel like going to the cinema
  5. j'en ai marre de :  I am fed up with + Noun / V-ing

      I’m fed up with you / I’m fed up with going to school

  1. être impatient de :   to look forward to + Ving      I am looking forward to seeing you!
  2. être sur le point de : to be about to + BV : she was about to phone him when he arrived!
  3. laisser qqn faire qqch : to let sbdy do sthg : My parents let me go out yesterday
  4. envisager de faire qqch : to be thinking of + V-ing :  I don't likre it here, I am thinking of moving
  5. (Ne pas) être d'humeur à : (not ) to be in the mood for + V-ing / Nom : I'm not in the mood for listening to your complaints! / In the mood for love
  6. avoir l'habitude de faire qqch :to be used to + V-ing  he is a cook: he is used to peeling vegetables
  7. s'habituer à : to get used to + Ving :  Don't worry! she is sad today but  she'll get used to living here
  8. habitude passée, révolue : used to + BV   he used to live here , now he lives in New York
  9. Se rappeler d'avoir fait qqch : to remember V-ing sthg 

     Is the door locked? Yes, I remeber locking the door

  1. habitude / action prévisible dans le passé ( ne nous dit rien sur le présent) :  would + BV

     After lunch, he would always smoke a cigarette

  1. se rappeler de faire qqch : to remember to do sthg  Remeber to lock the door before leaving!

 

  1. …de ne pas faire qqch : not to + BV  he told me not to  take his car today
  2. interro- negation :  auxiliaire –n’t + sujet + V Didn’t you go to London ? / Don’t you think it’s unfair?
  3.  Ca ne sert à rien de  : it's no use + Ving  It’s no use talking to him : he won’t listen to you!
  4. exprimer l'agacement : présent en be + V-ing avec always   I am fed up with you : You are always complaining!
  5. exprimer un regret par rapport à une situation présente : wish + prétérit modal   I miss him : I wish he were her with us!
  6. exprimer un regret par rapport à une situation passée : wish + past perfect ( had + participe passé)

            I am broke! I wish I had not spent all my money!

23.  forme emphatique : sujet + auxilliaire + BV :  they said all the planes were  stuck because of the fog ; but mine did  take off!

24.   proposition infinitive : vouloir que qqn fasse qqch     to want sbdy to do sthg

       The teacher wants us to clean the classroom

25.   proposition infinitive : j'aimerais que qqn fasse qqch : I would like her to tidy her room

26.  faire faire qqch ( sens passif ): to have sthg done ( by sbdy) : I will have my car repaired

27.  Agir sur qqn:

        faire faire qqch à qqn ( sens actif): to make sbdy do sthg : I made him do the washing-up!

 ( U.S.  English : I had him do the washing-up )  ( I got him to do the washing –up)

  forcer qqn à faire qqch : to force sbdy to do sthg : he forced me to do my homework

  convaincre qqn de faire qqch : to talk sbdy into doing sthg : he talked me into working harder!

  faire faire qqch à qqn en le menaçant : to threaten sbdy into doing sthg

  faire faire qqch à qqn en le faisant chanter  to blackmail sbdy into doing sthg

  1. Comparaisons

de supériorité : he is taller than me / mine is more comfortable than yours / ( good)he is better at English than    you / ( bad) he is worse than me! / ( far)Dublin is further than London from here

d'égalité : he is as intellignet as you / this is the same story as before

d'infériorité : he is less boring than his siter

  1. De plus en plus : it is more and more interesting / it is easier and easier
  2. de moins en moins :  fewer and fewer people (  pluriel) / less and less interesting ( singulier)

 

 

 

  1. superlatifs

de supériorité ( le plus): he is the most interesting man / the happiest man  I ‘ve ever known

                                      ( good – the best) ( bad – the worst) ( far – the farthest /the furthest)

d’infériorité ( le moins ) : this is the least intersting book I’ve ever  read

           ( seulement avec des adj. Longs)

 

  1. Plus..., plus... : Attention : the + comparatif de supériorité …, the + comparatif de supériorité  ! 

      the more , the merrier ( plus on est de fous, plus on rit)

      the more sweets I eat, the fatter I get! ( plus je mange des bonbons, plus je grossis)

      moins..., moins.... : Attention : the less..., the less....    the less I work, the less I want to work

 

  1. expression du goût, des préférences

I like ---vey much / I quite like ----/ I don't mind----/ I don't like ---at all

I enjoy playing tennis/ I am crazy about playing tennis/ I am interested in playing tennis/ I am fond of playing tennis/ I am keen on playing tennis

I can't stand playing tennis/ I can't bear  playing tennis

  1. exprimer un conseil

           tu devrais : you should + BV  You shoud learn your lessons

           tu devrais ( sens moral) : you ought to + BV  You ought to take care of your parents

     tu ferais mieux de  : you had better + BV   You'd better listen to my advice!

     je te conseille de / de ne pas :

     I advise you to stay here/ I avise you not to go out with him : he is a   lady-killer

      if + prétérit modal, would+ BV   If I were you, I would  think twice

  1. Je préfererais faire qqch: I would rather + BV  Come with us ! No, I'd rather watch TV tonight
  2. hypothèse jugée "réalisable" : if + présent simple ; will+ BV  if you invite him, he'll come
  3. hypothèse "improbable"/ "iréelle" : if + prétérit modal, would+ BV

            If I won on the lottery, I would not work anymore!

           If I were you, I would  think twice

  1. proposition circonstancielle de temps au futur en français : when/ as soon as + présent simple :

      as soon as I am 18, I'll buy a car! / When he phones, tell him I  am at the hospital

  1. suggestions

Let's visit London!  / Why don't we visit London?  / Why not visit London?

How about visiting London? / What about visiting London?

  1. exclamations : avec how et so l’exclamation porte sur un adjectif seul

This film is so boring! How boring (this film is) !

Avec such et what l’exclamation porte sur un nom

 This is such a boring film!  / What a boring film( it is)!

 

  1. Ah bon? Vraiment? : tag de surprise

  Phrase affirmative. – tag de surprise: aux+ pronom? Paul : " I speak Japanese"   Ted : " Do you?”

  Phrase négative. – tag de surprise : aux + not +    pronom ?

   Paul: " I didn't like that film"  Ted : ' Didn't you?"

  1. N'est-ce pas? tag de confirmation

          Phrase affirmative, aux+ not + pronom?         He is French, isn't he?

          Phrase négative, aux + pronom?        He can't speak Chinese, can he?

 

  1. Moi aussi / moi non plus

Moi aussi : so + aux + pronom!         Paul : "I can spaek English"     Ted : "So can I"

Moi non plus : Neither + aux + pronom!   Paul : "I won't go to London this year " Ted : " Neither will I"

 

  1. Moi si!Pas moi!

Moi si : pronom+ aux .   Paul :”I don’t like her!”  Ted : “ I do! She is my favourite siger!”

Pas moi : pronom + aux + not  Paul :”I  like her!”  Ted : “ I don’t !I can’t bear her!”

 

  1. proposition circonstancielle de temps au futur en français : when/ as soon as + présent simple :

      as soon as I am 18, I'll buy a car! / When he phones, tell him i am at the hospital

 

  1. hypothèse jugée "réalisable" : if + présent simple , will+ BV  if you invite him, he'll come

 

  1. hypothèse "improbable"/ "iréelle" : if + prétérit modal, would+ BV

            If I won on the lottery, I would not work anymore!

           If I were you, I would  think twice

 

  1. exprimer l'agacement : présent en be + V-ing avec always   I am fed up with you : You are always complaining!
  2. exprimer un regret par rapport à une situation présente : wish + prétérit modal   I miss him : I wish he were her with us!
  3. exprimer un regret par rapport à une situation passée : wish + past perfect ( had + participe passé)

            I am broke! I wish I had not spent all my money!

 

 

Modaux et équivalents

 

1.      tu devrais : you should + BV     You should listen to my advice

  1. tu aurais dû : you should have + participe passé     I’m sorry! I should have listened to your advice

 

  1. Quasi certitude: il doit sûrement.... He must + BV  Listen to his accent ! He must be Irish
  2. quasi certitude / passé : Il a sûrement dû… He must have + participe passé

     He is dirty ! He must have played in the garden.

  1. Quasi-certitude dans une phrase négative : Il ne peux pas / il ne doit pas :   Can’t + BV 

He has an Irish accent, he can’t be English!

 

  1. probabilité ( présent / futur): il se peut que / Peut-être que … He may/ might + BV

      She isn’t feeling well, but she may come anyway

  1. probabilité (/ au passé): il se peut que / Peut-être que … He may / might + have + participe passé

      She looks different…she may have gone to the hairdresser’s ... but I’m not sure !

 

  1. Obligation ( / présent) : je dois :  Must + BV  I must learn my lessons
  2. Obligation ( / passé) : j’ai dû / je devais : Had to + BV    the dishwasher was broken, I had to wash up
  3. Obligation ( / futur) : tu devras : Will have to + BV

      When you are  at your uncle’s, you will have to obey him!

 

  1. Absence d’obligation (/  présent ) : tu n’as pas besoin de / tu n’es pas obligé de 
    1. needn’t + BV : you needn’t wash the car : it’s clean !
    2. don’t have to + BV : you don’t have to wash the car : it’s clean!
  2. Absence d’obligation (/ passé) :
  3. tu n’avais pas / n’as pas eu  besoin de ; tu n’étais pas / as  pas été obligé de

        didn’t have to :  I didn’t have to wash up: my mother had done it !

  1. Absence d’obligation (/ futur) : tu n’auras pas besoin de / tu ne seras pas obligé de 

               won’t have to : you won’t have to wash up : we will buy a dishwasher

 

  1. Interdiction ( / present) : tu ne dois pas  :
    1. mustn’t + BV  : you mustn’t smoke here!
    2. am not / isn’t / aren’t  allowed to + BV : Smoking is not allowed here
    3. can’t + BV : sorry, you can’t smoke here
    4. ( may + BV : sorry, you may not smoke here / permission refusée)
  2. Interdiction ( /passé) :

           a. wasn’ t / weren’t allowed to + BV  : In the 19th century, women were not allowed to wear trousers

                 b.couldn’t + BV : he couldn’t go out yesterday : his parents didn’t want him to!

  1. Interdiction ( /futur) : tu ne devras pas   :

will not be allowed to + BV  Smoking will not be allowed here any more

 

  1. permission  (/ présent )

    Can + BV :  Can I  watch TV tonight ? Yes, you can

     am / are / is allowed to + BV : Smoking is only  allowed in this room

     May + BV   : May I open the window? Yes, you may )

  1. permission  (/passé)

      could + BV: his parents were cool : at , he could go out all night

       was / were allowed to + BV : Smoking was allowed in schools but fortunately it isn’t any more!

  1. permission  (/futur)

      will be allowed to + BV : you will be allowed to go out all night when you are 2O

 

 

  1. capacité ( / present) : il peut/ il sait  : can + BV      He can speak English
  2. capacité ( / passé) : il pouvait – il  a pu : could + BV      He could speak English

a.       il a réussi à : was / were able to + BV        He was able to understand them

  1. capacité ( / futur) : il pourra  : will be able to + BV          He will be able to speak to anybody!